Anemia in horses is a serious health issue that can cause lethargy, reduced performance and even death if not properly treated. While there are many potential causes of anemia in horses, one of the most common is the presence of parasites, such as worms. In this article, we’ll explore the relationship between worms and anemia in horses, including how they can cause anemia and how to prevent and treat it.
What is Anemia?
Anemia is a condition caused by a lack of healthy red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Anemia can be caused by any number of things, including disease, malnutrition, and even trauma. In horses, anemia can be caused by a variety of parasites, such as worms.
Types of Worms That Can Cause Anemia in Horses
There are a few different types of worms that can cause anemia in horses. These include:
- Hookworms: Hookworms are small, thin worms that attach to the lining of the gut and suck the blood from the horse’s intestines. They are especially common in horses that spend time on wet, muddy ground.
- Tapeworms: Tapeworms are long, flat worms that can attach to the wall of the small intestine and suck the blood from their host. They can also cause colic and diarrhea.
- Large Strongyles: Large strongyles are large, roundworms that can live in the horse’s large intestine. They can cause anemia, as well as colic and diarrhea.
- Ascarids: Ascarids are large, roundworms that attach to the walls of the small intestine and suck the blood from their host. They can also cause colic and diarrhea.
- Pinworms: Pinworms are small, thread-like worms that live in the horse’s rectum and anus. They are the most common cause of anemia in horses.
How Do Worms Cause Anemia?
Worms can cause anemia in horses by sucking the blood from the horse’s intestines, stomach, or rectum. This can lead to a decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells, which can then lead to anemia. In addition, some worms can cause inflammation and damage to the intestines, leading to the release of toxins that can further suppress the horse’s red blood cell production.
Symptoms of Anemia in Horses
The most common symptom of anemia in horses is lethargy, as the lack of healthy red blood cells means that the horse is not getting enough oxygen to its muscles and organs. Other symptoms can include:
- Weakness and fatigue
- Pale gums and skin
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Diarrhea
- Decreased performance
Diagnosis of Anemia in Horses
Anemia in horses is usually diagnosed through a physical examination and a blood test. During the physical examination, the vet will check for signs of anemia, such as pale gums and skin and weak pulse. The blood test will measure the level of red blood cells in the horse’s blood and, if the levels are low, the vet can then look for the cause, such as worms.
Preventing Anemia in Horses
The best way to prevent anemia in horses is to keep them on a regular deworming schedule. This should be done every 6-12 months, depending on your location and the climate. In addition, it’s important to keep your horses in clean, dry pastures and provide them with adequate nutrition. Finally, it’s a good idea to have your horses tested for parasites regularly, as this will help you to identify and treat any worms before they become a problem.
Treating Anemia in Horses
If your horse is diagnosed with anemia, the first step should be to treat the underlying cause, such as worms. This can be done through deworming medications or natural remedies, such as garlic or diatomaceous earth. In addition, your vet may also recommend vitamin and mineral supplements to help boost the horse’s red blood cell production.
Conclusion
Worms can be a common cause of anemia in horses, so it’s important to be aware of the signs and take steps to prevent and treat it if it does occur. By keeping your horses on a regular deworming schedule, providing them with adequate nutrition, and regularly testing for parasites, you can help to reduce the risk of anemia in your horses.
References
- Lillich, J. D. (2011). Anemia in Horses. Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice, 27(3), 479-496. doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2011.05.004
- Henderson, K. (2020). Anemia in Horses: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. The Spruce Pets. Retrieved from https://www.thesprucepets.com/anemia-in-horses-4688837
- Kellon, E. (2016). Diagnosing and Treating Anemia in Horses. The Horse. Retrieved from https://thehorse.com/141414/diagnosing-and-treating-anemia-in-horses/