Sweet itch, also known as seasonal recurrent dermatitis, is an allergic skin condition that affects horses. It is caused by the saliva of the Culicoides midge, a type of small biting fly. These tiny flies are most active during the warmer months of the year, especially in humid climates.
The allergic reaction to the midge’s saliva results in severe skin irritation and inflammation. The horse will scratch and rub the affected area, which can lead to hair loss and open sores. The most commonly affected areas are the mane, tail, face, and lower legs.
Symptoms of Sweet Itch in Horses
The primary symptom of sweet itch is intense itching and scratching. The affected area may become inflamed, red, and raw. Hair loss is also common, and in some cases the skin may become thickened. These symptoms usually appear between late spring and early autumn, as this is when the midge is most active.
Other signs of sweet itch include:
- Excessive rubbing and scratching
- Hair loss
- Lethargy
- Weight loss
- Anxiety
- Changes in behaviour
- Skin lesions
Diagnosis of Sweet Itch in Horses
In order to diagnose sweet itch, your veterinarian will need to take a thorough medical history and examine your horse. They may also take a skin scraping or biopsy in order to rule out other skin conditions.
Your veterinarian will also need to consider the environmental factors that may be contributing to the condition. For example, the presence of midges and other biting insects, as well as the humidity and temperature of the environment.
Treatment of Sweet Itch in Horses
The treatment of sweet itch will depend on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the itching may be controlled with topical anti-inflammatory medications and insect repellents.
In more severe cases, the horse may need to be treated with corticosteroids, antihistamines, or immunosuppressants. These medications are used to reduce inflammation and alleviate itching.
Prevention of Sweet Itch in Horses
The most important step in preventing sweet itch is to reduce the number of midges in the horse’s environment. This can be done by avoiding areas with high midge populations, such as marshy, humid areas.
Insect repellents can also be used to reduce midge populations. Fly sheets and masks can also be used to protect the horse from midge bites.
Feeding a Horse With Sweet Itch
When it comes to feeding a horse with sweet itch, it is important to provide a balanced diet that is rich in essential vitamins and minerals. A high-fibre diet is recommended, as this will help to reduce the risk of colic and other digestive disorders.
It is also important to provide plenty of fresh, clean water, as this will help to keep the horse hydrated and reduce the risk of dehydration.
What to Feed a Horse With Sweet Itch
The best way to feed a horse with sweet itch is to provide a balanced diet that is rich in essential vitamins and minerals. This should include a combination of forage, hay, and grain.
Forage should make up the majority of the horse’s diet, as this will provide the necessary roughage and fibre. Good sources of forage include grass, hay, and haylage.
Grain should be fed in moderation, as this is a concentrated source of energy. Good sources of grain include oats, barley, and corn.
It is also important to provide a vitamin and mineral supplement, as this will help to ensure that the horse is getting all the nutrients they need.
Things to Avoid Feeding a Horse With Sweet Itch
In order to reduce the risk of flare-ups, it is important to avoid feeding foods that are high in sugar and starch. This includes sweet feeds, molasses, and grains such as wheat.
It is also important to avoid feeding large amounts of grass, as this can increase the amount of midges in the horse’s environment.
Management of Sweet Itch in Horses
In addition to providing a balanced diet and reducing environmental factors, there are also a few other management techniques that can help to reduce the risk of flare-ups.
Grooming
Regular grooming will help to keep the horse’s coat clean and free of debris. This will help to reduce the risk of skin irritation and infection.
Fly Control
Using fly control products such as fly sheets, masks, and fly sprays will help to reduce the number of midges in the horse’s environment.
Bathing
Regular baths with a mild shampoo will help to keep the horse’s skin clean and free of irritants. Be sure to use a shampoo specifically designed for horses, as human shampoo can be too harsh for their sensitive skin.
Conclusion
Sweet itch is an allergic skin condition that affects horses. It is caused by the saliva of the Culicoides midge, a type of small biting fly. In order to manage the condition, it is important to provide a balanced diet, reduce environmental factors, and keep the horse’s coat and skin clean. By following these steps, you can help to reduce the risk of flare-ups and keep your horse comfortable.