A bleeder is a horse that has a disorder called Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH). EIPH is often referred to as “bleeding” because horses with the condition may have blood in their airways after strenuous exercise. It is estimated that up to 90% of racehorses have EIPH, but it can occur in any horse that is exercised vigorously.
Causes of EIPH
The exact cause of EIPH is unknown, but it is thought to be linked to the increased pressure in the lungs that occurs during strenuous exercise. When the pressure is too great, it can cause small blood vessels in the lungs to rupture, resulting in bleeding. This can be exacerbated by environmental factors such as air quality and temperature.
Symptoms of EIPH
The most common symptom of EIPH is coughing, which may be accompanied by a bloody discharge from the nostrils. Other symptoms may include decreased performance, rapid breathing, and increased heart rate.
Diagnosis of EIPH
EIPH is usually diagnosed by a veterinarian through a physical examination and endoscopic examination of the horse’s airways. Blood tests and x-rays may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of EIPH
The primary goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of episodes of EIPH. Treatment may include:
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory medications may be used to reduce inflammation and reduce the risk of bleeding. Bronchodilators may also be used to reduce airway resistance.
- Diet: A high-fiber, low-starch diet may help reduce the stress on the lungs during exercise.
- Exercise: Exercise should be gradual and controlled, to reduce the amount of strain on the lungs.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged lung tissue.
Prevention of EIPH
There are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of EIPH in horses:
- Vaccinations: Vaccinating horses against common respiratory infections can help reduce the risk of EIPH.
- Nutrition: A balanced diet with adequate vitamins and minerals can help support the respiratory system and reduce the risk of EIPH.
- Exercise: Exercise should be gradual and controlled to reduce the amount of strain on the lungs.
- Environment: Stabling horses in clean, well-ventilated areas can help reduce the risk of EIPH.
Risks of EIPH
EIPH can cause a variety of long-term health problems in horses, including:
- Respiratory Problems: EIPH can cause scarring of the lung tissue, which can lead to chronic respiratory problems.
- Decreased Performance: Horses with EIPH may have reduced performance due to decreased oxygen intake.
- Weight Loss: Horses with EIPH may lose weight due to decreased appetite.
Living with a Bleeder
Living with a bleeder can be challenging, but with proper management, horses with EIPH can lead normal lives. It is important to work closely with a veterinarian to develop an individualized plan for managing the condition.
The Future of EIPH Treatment
Research is ongoing to develop new treatments for EIPH. Recent studies have shown promising results with the use of stem cell therapy and gene therapy to treat EIPH.
Conclusion
A horse that is a “bleeder” has Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH), which is a disorder that can cause coughing, decreased performance, and other symptoms. Treatment may include medications, diet changes, exercise modifications, and in severe cases, surgery. Prevention is key, and may include vaccinations, proper nutrition, and a clean, well-ventilated environment. With proper management, horses with EIPH can lead normal lives.